delphinium-sdk/blends/devuan-desktop-live/beowulf/docs/desktop-live-install-guide.html
2020-11-13 13:52:11 +01:00

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<title>Devuan GNU+Linux -- Software freedom, your way</title>
<meta name="Description" content="Devuan GNU+Linux is a free distribution of the GNU+Linux operating system. It is maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort.">
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<p class="section"><em>Installer</em></p>
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<h1>
Welcome to the reliable world of
<span id="devuan-img"><a href="http://www.devuan.org/" title="www.devuan.org"><img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/devuan-61.png" alt="Devuan GNU+Linux" width="211" height="94"></a></span></h1>
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<h2>Devuan install guide</h2>
<p>
This is an easy to follow guide to installing Devuan from the CD/DVD
images for supported hardware. The general advice accompanying this
guide is that you should always backup your data before you begin.
</p>
<h2 id="installing">Live install</h2>
<p>
This installation procedure uses the graphical desktop-live installer
from the running live image. It may be launched from the desktop icon or
the system menu.
</p>
<p><strong><i>0) Before you start</i>:</strong> Please read the RELEASE NOTES provided on the desktop.</p>
<p><strong><i>1) Security warning</i>:</strong> The root password of
this live installer is publicly known, which is a security risk when
connecting to the internet. It is recommended to change the root
password before continuing:
</p>
<p>
<code>~$ sudo passwd</code></p>
<p>Begin the install by double-clicking the <em>Install Devuan</em> icon on the desktop.
</p>
<p><strong><i>2.1) BIOS MBR mode</i>:</strong> This window comes up in the amd64 desktop-live install if you're installing on a BIOS system. Choose 'Continue'.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl02.png" alt="bios-notice">
</p>
<p><strong><i>2.2) UEFI mode</i>:</strong> In a UEFI install, this informs
you whether you have a proper EFI partition or not. If an EFI partition
is detected, make sure that it resides on the first disk before
continuing.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl02_002.png" alt="efi-notice">
</p>
<p><strong><i>2.3) Help</i>:</strong> Additional options and information.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl02_003.png" alt="help">
</p>
<p><strong><i>3.1) Installation options</i>:</strong> Choose your installation
options here. For example, you can choose to have certain directories
mounted as a partition instead of installing to a single root partition.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl03.png" alt="options">
</p>
<p><strong><i>3.2) Encryption</i>:</strong> The installer can only encrypt root and home
filesystems. A separate boot partition is optional and will be unencrypted if present.
For full protection of your data you should not use a separate swap partition. If
there is no swap partition, a swap file will be created on the root filesystem
and that will be encrypted.</p>
<p>For traditional hard disks you can choose to write random data to encrypted
partitions for additional security. This can take a long time depending
on the size of partitions. You might not want to do this for Solid State Drives
due to their write limits.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl03_003.png" alt="options-encrypt">
</p>
<p><strong><i>3.3) Boot directory encryption</i>:</strong> By default the boot
directory will be encrypted. This is generally a good idea for full disk
encryption setups.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl03_002.png" alt="full-disk-notice">
</p>
<p><strong><i>4.1) Summary</i>:</strong> This screen reminds you of the partitions
currently on your system before you prepare a location to install Devuan.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl04_003.png" alt="choose-partitioner">
</p>
<p><strong><i>4.2) Choose a partitioning method</i>:</strong> If the drive is
already partitioned you can skip this step. You will now be
presented choices for how you'd like to partition your installation
drive. The easiest of these options is to use GParted. Choose GParted
to continue with this walkthrough, as the other options are
beyond the scope of this discussion.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl04_002.png" alt="choose-partitioner">
</p>
<p><strong><i>4.3) Using GParted</i>:</strong> You should now create your
partitions with GParted. You will need to create at least a root
filesystem and any partitions you previously told the installer about.
If warned by GParted to do so, create a partition table according to
your boot mode which was discussed earlier - use an <code>msdos</code>
partition table for MBR boot mode or a <code>gpt</code> partiton
table for UEFI boot mode. This window shows a valid partition scheme for a UEFI install
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl04.png" alt="gparted">
</p>
<p><strong><i>5.1) Bootloader location</i>:</strong> Now, on an i386 machine you will be asked where the
bootloader should be installed. In most cases you should choose to
install the GRUB bootloader to the MBR.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl05.png" alt="grub-location">
</p>
<p><strong><i>5.2) Choose bootloader location</i>:</strong> To continue, now specify
the device for installation of the bootloader.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl05_002.png" alt="grub-location">
</p>
<p><strong><i>6) Choose the installation partition</i>:</strong> You should now
choose the partition to which Devuan will be installed. This should be one of
the partitions you formatted earlier. To use other filesystems, pre-format
them and choose 'Do not format' in the options window. If you chose a separate
/home or /boot, you'll get similar windows for each.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl06.png" alt="choose-root">
</p>
<p><strong><i>7) Choose a filesystem</i>:</strong> Now choose which ext
filesystem to use. There are three choices available for filesystems. The
most recent iteration is the ext4 filesystem and this is what you should
go with here.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl07.png" alt="choose-root-fs">
</p>
<p><strong><i>8.0) Summary</i>:</strong> The following 4 summaries illustrate how
the installation might be done based on your previous choices. Only one
of these typical options will appear during the installation process. Make
sure these options are acceptable before proceeding with the installation,
otherwise you should exit and start over.
</p>
<p><strong><i>8.1) Typical summary for an amd64 BIOS install</i>:</strong>
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl08_002.png" alt="amd64-bios-summary">
</p>
<p><strong><i>8.2) Typical summary for an amd64 UEFI install</i>:</strong>
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl08_003.png" alt="amd64-uefi-summary">
</p>
<p><strong><i>8.3) Typical summary for an i386 install</i>:</strong>
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl08_004.png" alt="i386-summary">
</p>
<p><strong><i>8.4) Typical summary for an encrypted install</i>:</strong>
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl08.png" alt="encrypted-summary">
</p>
<p><strong><i>9) Select your geographic area</i>:</strong> You should now choose your geographic area from the list. This will allow you to accurately set your time zone.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl09.png" alt="tzdata">
</p>
<p><strong><i>10) Choose your time zone</i>:</strong> You can now choose your time zone based on your geographic area. This will be used to configure the system clock.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl10.png" alt="tzdata2">
</p>
<p><strong><i>11) Generate additional locales</i>:</strong> The UTF-8 locale will
be selected automatically, but you can choose to generate more according
to your preferences. A common choice would be ISO-8859-1 or
ISO-8859-15. If you're unsure, the defaults are safe and you can just
continue to the next step.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl11.png" alt="locales">
</p>
<p><strong><i>12) Set the default locale</i>:</strong> Now select which locale
that will be used. If you generated your own locales you probably want
to select one of them here, otherwise choose UTF-8.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl12.png" alt="locales2">
</p>
<p><strong><i>13) Set the keyboard type</i>:</strong> You should now let the
installer know how many keys your keyboard has. If you're not sure,
choose the default as this can always be changed from
your desktop after installation in complete.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl13.png" alt="keyboard">
</p>
<p><strong><i>14) Choose a keyboard layout</i>:</strong> Choose the keyboard
layout you want to use. This should usually be matched to your country
unless the layout is different for some reason.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl14.png" alt="keyboard2">
</p>
<p><strong><i>15) Set special keys</i>:</strong> Here you can set whether or
not the X server can be killed using a special key combination. If
Control, Alt and Backspace are pressed together from your desktop the X
server will be instantly killed.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl15.png" alt="keyboard3">
</p>
<p><strong><i>16.1) Set an encryption passphrase</i>:</strong> You should now
choose a passphrase for any encrypted partitions. You will be required to enter the same
password twice to confirm it. It is recommended to use a passphrase that
is at least 20 characters long, uses upper and lower case letters,
numbers and special characters.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl16.png" alt="confirm-partition">
</p>
<p><strong><i>16.2) Confirm the installation partition</i>:</strong> Here you will
be asked to confirm installation to the partition chosen earlier. If the
information matches your choices from earlier, enter Y and press return
to continue.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl16_002.png" alt="mke2fs">
</p>
<p><strong><i>17) Installing the system</i>:</strong> The installation has started on the partition you selected. This will take some time.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl17.png" alt="install-system">
</p>
<p><strong><i>18) Install bootloader</i>:</strong> The system has
been installed but before it can be booted you should choose to install a
bootloader. There is also the option to chroot the install for
<em>advanced</em> users.
</p>
<p><strong><i>18.1) BIOS install</i>:</strong> In amd64 install on BIOS, the first
button says 'Copy files'. That will install the <code>grub-pc</code> package and install the
bootloader. If you choose 'Chroot' you'll get a new terminal chrooted into the
installed system where you can make manual changes. This will bypass the
installation of the <code>grub-pc</code> package and the bootloader. If you want to mess around
in chroot and still let the installer add the bootloader, don't press this button.
Open another terminal and run <code>sudo chroot /target</code>.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl18.png" alt="install-bootloader-uefi">
</p>
<p><strong><i>18.2) UEFI install</i>:</strong> In an amd64 install on
UEFI, the first button says 'Install bootloader'. the correct grub
package is already installed and you don't need to choose a location for
the bootloader. It will go into the EFI partition. Check section 2.3
'Help' above to learn how to make a proper EFI partition. The installer
will complain if you don't have one.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl18_002.png" alt="install-bootloader-bios">
</p>
<p><strong><i>19) The GRUB bootloader</i>:</strong> On an amd64/BIOS install the
<code>grub-pc</code> package will now be installed This ensures that your system can
boot to the newly installed operating system. GRUB is the name of the
bootloader used here.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl19.png" alt="grub-pc">
</p>
<p><strong><i>20) Bootloader location</i>:</strong> In most cases GRUB should
be installed to the first disk from which the system will boot. In this case there is only one disk, indicated by <code>/dev/sda</code> so GRUB should be installed there.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl20.png" alt="grub-pc2">
</p>
<p><strong><i>21) Hostname and username</i>:</strong> Enter a unique hostname to
make it easier to identify this computer on a network without using
spaces. Choose any username that takes your fancy but spaces and
uppercase letters will not be accepted. In most cases there is no need
to enter your real name, so this can be omitted.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl21.png" alt="hostname-username">
</p>
<p><strong><i>22) Root password</i>:</strong> Now set a root password if
you haven't earlier in this installation. It's good security practise
to set a strong password here to protect the root account.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl22.png" alt="root-password">
</p>
<p><strong><i>23) User password</i>:</strong> Now create a user account password. You should create a password that isn't easy to guess.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl23.png" alt="user-password">
</p>
<p><strong><i>24) Finish</i>:</strong> If you see this, you must have done it right.
</p>
<p>
<img src="desktop-live-install-guide_files/dl24.png" alt="finished">
</p>
</div>
<div id="foot">
<ul class="inline">
<li><a href="https://beta.devuan.org/os/documentation/install-guides/beowulf/install-devuan.html">Classic install</a> | </li>
<li><a href="https://beta.devuan.org/os/documentation/install-guides/beowulf/full-disk-encryption.html">Classic disk encryption</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="inline">
<li><a href="https://beta.devuan.org/os/documentation/install-guides/beowulf/live-gui.html">Live Desktop graphic install | </a></li>
<li><a href="https://beta.devuan.org/os/documentation/install-guides/beowulf/Release_notes_beowulf_3.0.0.txt">Devuan 3.0.0 Beowulf Release Notes</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="live-cli.html">desktop-live cli install</a></li> -->
</ul>
<ul class="inline">
<li><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]</a></li>
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